refactor(library): two bounded background pools

Every @Async names a pool: with the scheduler there are two TaskExecutor beans, and a bare @Async ran on an unbounded executor. Page views queue only stale games; the long runs after a sync get their own pool.

readme.md

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ only guard.
 Every service method a controller calls carries one role marker, on the method or on its class (the method wins):
 `@RequiresRole(Role.X)`, `@Public` (no login, e.g. landing stats; the public profile checks its ticket) or
 `@Internal` (only Auth's service token). A Spring Security method interceptor checks it while a request is served;
-scheduled jobs and `@Async` work run without a user and are not checked. A denied call answers `401` without a
+scheduled jobs and background work run without a user and are not checked. A denied call answers `401` without a
 login, else `403`. The URL rules in `SecurityConfig` stay as the outer guard. ArchUnit fails the build for an
 unmarked method, two markers, a controller calling an `@Async` method (the check would never run), and a service
 method calling another service's method that needs more.
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ Inside a module: `api` (controllers, DTOs), `service` (business logic), `domain`
    Afterwards it writes every user's pile size of the day to `backlog_snapshot`, also for users without Steam, and
    dates finished games by the unlock of their ending achievement
    (`FinishedEstimateService`, `user_game.finished_at_estimate`).
-3. `LibrarySyncWorker` runs in the background. `user_steam_sync` lets only one run per user start, and none for
+3. `LibrarySyncWorker` runs on the background pool. `user_steam_sync` lets only one run per user start, and none for
    a user in `deleted_user`.
 4. The worker loads the wishlist and the owned games from Steam. It updates `steam_game` and `user_game`, adds
    the playtime growth of the day to `user_game_playtime_day`, and soft-deletes Steam games the user no longer
@@ -239,6 +239,38 @@ The frontend polls `GET /api/library/sync-status` until the run ends.
 At 01:30 `ImageRepairService` repairs the pictures reported through `POST /api/library/broken-images` (table
 `broken_image`, one row per game and kind). Reports only count for Steam games the user owns.
 
+### Background work
+
+Background work runs on two pools (`AsyncConfig`; every `@Async` names one, ArchUnit checks it):
+
+- The default pool (4 threads, queue 100) runs the syncs and the time-to-beat and mood refreshes a page view
+  starts. A page view queues only games without a fresh row. When the queue is full, the task is dropped with
+  a warning, and the next view or sync asks again. Known limit: a dropped sync still answers `202`; the user
+  starts it again.
+- The follow-up pool (2 threads, no limit on the queue) runs the achievement runs after a sync and every speedrun
+  refresh. They hold a thread for minutes because of the Steam and speedrun.com pace, so they do not take the page
+  views' threads. A task is small (a user or a few appids), and none is dropped.
+
+Imports have their own two threads, and `game_import` is their queue. Scheduled jobs (nightly sync, image repair,
+import watchdog) run on the scheduler.
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart LR
+    View["page view, add, merge"] -->|"stale games only"| Pool["default pool<br/>4 threads, queue 100"]
+    Sync["sync request"] --> Pool
+    Synced["sync, after commit"] --> FollowUp["follow-up pool<br/>2 threads"]
+    View -->|"speedrun"| FollowUp
+    Pool --> Apis["Steam, IGDB, speedrun.com"]
+    FollowUp --> Apis
+    Import["POST /imports"] --> Lanes["GameImportWorker<br/>2 own threads"]
+    Cron["scheduler"] --> Jobs["nightly sync, image repair, import watchdog"]
+```
+
+Core runs as one instance. The pools, the speedrun queue, the per-user achievement runs and the achievement locks
+live in memory: a second instance would ask Steam and IGDB twice, and the database would stay consistent (sync
+claim, upserts). A restart drops what waits in the pools; it is all refresh work and is asked again. Imports survive
+a restart.
+
 ### Corrections by an auditor
 
 An AUDITOR (active role) corrects a game's name, header image, speedrun link, moods, endless flag and genres for

src/main/java/core_service/configuration/AsyncConfig.java

@@ -1,9 +1,46 @@
 package core_service.configuration;
 
+import core_service.shared.background.BackgroundPools;
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
 import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
+import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
 
+/**
+ * The two pools of {@link BackgroundPools}. A dropped task is a refresh of data with a TTL: the next view or sync
+ * asks again.
+ */
 @Configuration
 @EnableAsync
+@Slf4j
 public class AsyncConfig {
+
+    // A task holds a connection only for its short transactions. At most 6 background tasks, plus the scheduler and
+    // the 2 import lanes, use Hikari's 10 connections at once; requests share the rest.
+    static final int THREADS = 4;
+    static final int QUEUE = 100;
+    // The achievement runs share one Steam pace and speedrun has one drainer: more threads would only wait.
+    static final int FOLLOW_UP_THREADS = 2;
+
+    @Bean(name = BackgroundPools.DEFAULT)
+    public ThreadPoolTaskExecutor applicationTaskExecutor() {
+        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
+        executor.setCorePoolSize(THREADS);
+        executor.setMaxPoolSize(THREADS);
+        executor.setQueueCapacity(QUEUE);
+        executor.setThreadNamePrefix("background-");
+        executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler((task, pool) -> log.warn(pool.isShutdown()
+                ? "Background pool stopped, task dropped" : "Background queue full, task dropped"));
+        return executor;
+    }
+
+    @Bean(name = BackgroundPools.SYNC_FOLLOW_UP)
+    public ThreadPoolTaskExecutor syncFollowUpExecutor() {
+        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
+        executor.setCorePoolSize(FOLLOW_UP_THREADS);
+        executor.setMaxPoolSize(FOLLOW_UP_THREADS);
+        executor.setThreadNamePrefix("sync-follow-up-");
+        return executor;
+    }
 }

src/main/java/core_service/modules/library/service/AchievementSyncService.java

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import core_service.modules.library.repo.UserGameRepository;
 import core_service.modules.steam_adapter.api.dto.response.SteamPlayerAchievementsResponse;
 import core_service.modules.steam_adapter.api.dto.response.SteamSchemaForGameResponse;
 import core_service.modules.steam_adapter.service.SteamApiService;
+import core_service.shared.background.BackgroundPools;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
 import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ public class AchievementSyncService {
         }
     }
 
-    @Async
+    @Async(BackgroundPools.SYNC_FOLLOW_UP)
     @TransactionalEventListener
     public void onLibrarySynced(LibrarySyncedEvent event) {
         syncLibrary(event.userId(), event.steamId());

src/main/java/core_service/modules/library/service/LibrarySyncWorker.java

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
 import core_service.modules.library.domain.UserSteamSync.Status;
+import core_service.shared.background.BackgroundPools;
 
 /**
  * Worker bean. Runs the actual Steam fetch + DB upserts. Separate bean so the Spring proxy applies @Async
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ public class LibrarySyncWorker {
     @Value("${app.library.zone:Europe/Berlin}")
     private ZoneId zone;
 
-    @Async
+    @Async(BackgroundPools.DEFAULT)
     public void runSync(Long userId, String steamId) {
         sync(userId, steamId);
     }

src/main/java/core_service/modules/library/service/MoodService.java

@@ -7,15 +7,13 @@ import core_service.modules.library.repo.UserGameRepository;
 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
-import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
+import org.springframework.core.task.TaskExecutor;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 
-import java.time.Duration;
 import java.time.Instant;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
-import java.util.TreeSet;
 
 /**
  * Stores the IGDB genres of games and the {@link Mood}s from IGDB's genres, themes and game modes, the same way
@@ -29,15 +27,14 @@ public class MoodService {
     private final IgdbApiService igdbApiService;
     private final GameMoodsRepository gameMoodsRepository;
     private final UserGameRepository userGameRepository;
+    private final TaskExecutor applicationTaskExecutor;
 
     @Value("${app.library.mood-ttl-days:30}")
     private long ttlDays;
 
     public void refresh(Collection<Long> appids) {
         if (!igdbApiService.isEnabled() || appids.isEmpty()) return;
-        // Sorted: parallel syncs then lock the upserted rows in the same order and cannot deadlock.
+        Set<Long> stale = stale(appids);
-        Set<Long> stale = new TreeSet<>(appids);
-        stale.removeAll(gameMoodsRepository.findFreshAppids(appids, Instant.now().minus(Duration.ofDays(ttlDays))));
         if (stale.isEmpty()) return;
 
         IgdbLookup.Answer<IgdbApiService.GameTags> answer = IgdbLookup.byAppid(stale, igdbApiService::getGameTags,
@@ -62,36 +59,31 @@ public class MoodService {
     /**
      * Same as {@link #refresh}, but the request does not wait for IGDB, and an error does not fail it.
      */
-    @Async
     public void refreshInBackground(Collection<Long> appids) {
-        try {
+        if (!igdbApiService.isEnabled()) return;
-            refresh(appids);
+        Refreshes.staleInBackground(applicationTaskExecutor, "Moods of " + appids, () -> appids, this::stale,
-        } catch (Exception e) {
+                this::refresh);
-            log.warn("Moods of {} not refreshed: {}", appids, e.getMessage());
-        }
     }
 
     /**
      * For the genres and moods of the stats page: a user without a Steam sync gets them only here.
      */
-    @Async
     public void refreshListedInBackground(Long userId) {
-        try {
+        if (!igdbApiService.isEnabled()) return;
-            refresh(userGameRepository.findAllListedAppids(userId));
+        Refreshes.staleInBackground(applicationTaskExecutor, "Moods of the library of user " + userId,
-        } catch (Exception e) {
+                () -> userGameRepository.findAllListedAppids(userId), this::stale, this::refresh);
-            log.warn("Moods of the library of user {} not refreshed: {}", userId, e.getMessage());
-        }
     }
 
     /**
      * For the picker: a user without a Steam sync gets moods only here, and a Steam user before the next sync.
      */
-    @Async
     public void refreshBacklogInBackground(Long userId) {
-        try {
+        if (!igdbApiService.isEnabled()) return;
-            refresh(userGameRepository.findBacklogAppids(userId));
+        Refreshes.staleInBackground(applicationTaskExecutor, "Backlog moods of user " + userId,
-        } catch (Exception e) {
+                () -> userGameRepository.findBacklogAppids(userId), this::stale, this::refresh);
-            log.warn("Backlog moods of user {} not refreshed: {}", userId, e.getMessage());
     }
+
+    private Set<Long> stale(Collection<Long> appids) {
+        return Refreshes.stale(appids, gameMoodsRepository::findFreshAppids, ttlDays);
     }
 }

src/main/java/core_service/modules/library/service/Refreshes.java

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package core_service.modules.library.service;
+
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+import org.springframework.core.task.TaskExecutor;
+
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+import java.util.function.BiFunction;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+/**
+ * The shared steps of the IGDB and speedrun.com refreshes: which games have no fresh row, and the background run.
+ */
+@Slf4j
+final class Refreshes {
+
+    private Refreshes() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sorted: parallel syncs then lock the upserted rows in the same order and cannot deadlock.
+     *
+     * @param findFreshAppids the appids among the given ones with a row newer than the instant
+     */
+    static Set<Long> stale(Collection<Long> appids, BiFunction<Collection<Long>, Instant, Set<Long>> findFreshAppids,
+                           long ttlDays) {
+        Set<Long> stale = new TreeSet<>(appids);
+        stale.removeAll(findFreshAppids.apply(appids, Instant.now().minus(Duration.ofDays(ttlDays))));
+        return stale;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks on the calling thread which games are stale and refreshes only those in the background, so a fresh game
+     * takes no place in the queue. No error reaches the caller: the next view or sync asks again.
+     *
+     * @param appids read on the calling thread
+     */
+    static void staleInBackground(TaskExecutor executor, String what, Supplier<Collection<Long>> appids,
+                                  Function<Collection<Long>, Set<Long>> stale, Consumer<Set<Long>> refresh) {
+        try {
+            Collection<Long> candidates = appids.get();
+            if (candidates.isEmpty()) return;
+            Set<Long> staleAppids = stale.apply(candidates);
+            if (staleAppids.isEmpty()) return;
+            // ponytail: views of one stale game in the same second ask once each; an in-flight set if that hurts
+            executor.execute(() -> quietly(what, () -> refresh.accept(staleAppids)));
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            log.warn("{} not refreshed: {}", what, e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void quietly(String what, Runnable refresh) {
+        try {
+            refresh.run();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            log.warn("{} not refreshed: {}", what, e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/core_service/modules/library/service/SpeedrunService.java

@@ -8,9 +8,11 @@ import core_service.modules.library.repo.GameSpeedrunRepository;
 import core_service.modules.library.repo.SteamGameRepository;
 import core_service.modules.library.repo.UserGameRepository;
 import core_service.modules.speedrun_adapter.service.SpeedrunApiService;
+import core_service.shared.background.BackgroundPools;
 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
+import org.springframework.core.task.TaskExecutor;
 import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 import org.springframework.transaction.event.TransactionalEventListener;
@@ -46,6 +48,7 @@ public class SpeedrunService {
     private final GameSpeedrunRepository gameSpeedrunRepository;
     private final SteamGameRepository steamGameRepository;
     private final UserGameRepository userGameRepository;
+    private final TaskExecutor syncFollowUpExecutor;
 
     private final ConcurrentSkipListSet<Long> pending = new ConcurrentSkipListSet<>();
     private final AtomicBoolean running = new AtomicBoolean();
@@ -71,28 +74,27 @@ public class SpeedrunService {
         }
     }
 
-    @Async
+    @Async(BackgroundPools.SYNC_FOLLOW_UP)
     @TransactionalEventListener
     public void onLibrarySynced(LibrarySyncedEvent event) {
-        refreshBacklogInBackground(event.userId());
+        Refreshes.quietly("Speedrun games of the backlog of user " + event.userId(),
+                () -> refresh(userGameRepository.findBacklogAppids(event.userId())));
     }
 
-    @Async
     public void refreshBacklogInBackground(Long userId) {
-        try {
+        if (!speedrunApiService.isEnabled()) return;
-            refresh(userGameRepository.findBacklogAppids(userId));
+        Refreshes.staleInBackground(syncFollowUpExecutor, "Speedrun games of the backlog of user " + userId,
-        } catch (Exception e) {
+                () -> userGameRepository.findBacklogAppids(userId), this::stale, this::refresh);
-            log.warn("Speedrun games of the backlog of user {} not refreshed: {}", userId, e.getMessage());
-        }
     }
 
-    @Async
     public void refreshInBackground(Collection<Long> appids) {
-        try {
+        if (!speedrunApiService.isEnabled()) return;
-            refresh(appids);
+        Refreshes.staleInBackground(syncFollowUpExecutor, "Speedrun games of " + appids, () -> appids, this::stale,
-        } catch (Exception e) {
+                this::refresh);
-            log.warn("Speedrun games of {} not refreshed: {}", appids, e.getMessage());
     }
+
+    private Set<Long> stale(Collection<Long> appids) {
+        return Refreshes.stale(appids, gameSpeedrunRepository::findFreshAppids, ttlDays);
     }
 
     private void drain() {

src/main/java/core_service/modules/library/service/TimeToBeatService.java

@@ -5,15 +5,13 @@ import core_service.modules.library.repo.GameTimeToBeatRepository;
 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
-import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
+import org.springframework.core.task.TaskExecutor;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 
-import java.time.Duration;
 import java.time.Instant;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
-import java.util.TreeSet;
 
 @Service
 @RequiredArgsConstructor
@@ -22,20 +20,19 @@ public class TimeToBeatService {
 
     private final IgdbApiService igdbApiService;
     private final GameTimeToBeatRepository gameTimeToBeatRepository;
+    private final TaskExecutor applicationTaskExecutor;
 
     @Value("${app.library.time-to-beat-ttl-days:30}")
     private long ttlDays;
 
     /**
-     * Same as {@link #refresh}, but the request does not wait for IGDB, and an error does not fail it.
+     * Same as {@link #refresh}, but the request does not wait for IGDB, and an error does not fail it. Only stale apps
+     * take a place in the background queue.
      */
-    @Async
     public void refreshInBackground(Collection<Long> appids) {
-        try {
+        if (!igdbApiService.isEnabled()) return;
-            refresh(appids);
+        Refreshes.staleInBackground(applicationTaskExecutor, "Time to beat of " + appids, () -> appids, this::stale,
-        } catch (Exception e) {
+                this::refresh);
-            log.warn("Time to beat of {} not refreshed: {}", appids, e.getMessage());
-        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -44,9 +41,7 @@ public class TimeToBeatService {
      */
     public void refresh(Collection<Long> appids) {
         if (!igdbApiService.isEnabled() || appids.isEmpty()) return;
-        // Sorted: parallel syncs then lock the upserted rows in the same order and cannot deadlock.
+        Set<Long> stale = stale(appids);
-        Set<Long> stale = new TreeSet<>(appids);
-        stale.removeAll(gameTimeToBeatRepository.findFreshAppids(appids, Instant.now().minus(Duration.ofDays(ttlDays))));
         if (stale.isEmpty()) return;
 
         IgdbLookup.Answer<IgdbApiService.TimeToBeat> answer = IgdbLookup.byAppid(stale, igdbApiService::getTimeToBeat,
@@ -66,4 +61,8 @@ public class TimeToBeatService {
             }
         }
     }
+
+    private Set<Long> stale(Collection<Long> appids) {
+        return Refreshes.stale(appids, gameTimeToBeatRepository::findFreshAppids, ttlDays);
+    }
 }

src/main/java/core_service/shared/background/BackgroundPools.java

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package core_service.shared.background;
+
+import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration;
+
+/**
+ * The bean names of the two background pools (configuration.AsyncConfig). Every {@code @Async} names one of them:
+ * with the scheduler there are two TaskExecutor beans, and a bare {@code @Async} would run unbounded.
+ */
+public final class BackgroundPools {
+
+    /** Syncs and the refreshes a page view starts: short tasks, a full queue drops the task. */
+    public static final String DEFAULT = TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration.APPLICATION_TASK_EXECUTOR_BEAN_NAME;
+
+    /**
+     * The achievement runs after a sync and every speedrun refresh: they hold a thread for minutes (Steam and
+     * speedrun.com pace), so page views keep the default pool. Small tasks, nothing is dropped.
+     */
+    public static final String SYNC_FOLLOW_UP = "syncFollowUpExecutor";
+
+    private BackgroundPools() {
+    }
+}

src/main/java/core_service/shared/security/RequiresRole.java

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import java.lang.annotation.Target;
  * The lowest active role that may call this service method, or every method of this class. A method marker
  * replaces the class marker. Every service method a controller calls carries one of {@link RequiresRole},
  * {@link Public} or {@link Internal} (ArchitectureTest). Checked only while an HTTP request is served: scheduled
- * jobs and {@code @Async} work run without a user.
+ * jobs and background work (the pools in {@code AsyncConfig}) run without a user.
  */
 @Documented
 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)

src/test/java/core_service/architecture/ArchitectureTest.java

@@ -1,15 +1,24 @@
 package core_service.architecture;
 
+import core_service.shared.background.BackgroundPools;
 import core_service.shared.test.AbstractArchitectureTest;
 import com.tngtech.archunit.base.DescribedPredicate;
 import com.tngtech.archunit.core.domain.JavaClass;
+import com.tngtech.archunit.core.domain.JavaMethod;
 import com.tngtech.archunit.core.importer.ImportOption;
 import com.tngtech.archunit.junit.AnalyzeClasses;
 import com.tngtech.archunit.junit.ArchTest;
+import com.tngtech.archunit.lang.ArchCondition;
 import com.tngtech.archunit.lang.ArchRule;
+import com.tngtech.archunit.lang.ConditionEvents;
+import com.tngtech.archunit.lang.SimpleConditionEvent;
 import com.tngtech.archunit.library.dependencies.SlicesRuleDefinition;
+import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
+
+import java.util.Set;
 
 import static com.tngtech.archunit.lang.syntax.ArchRuleDefinition.classes;
+import static com.tngtech.archunit.lang.syntax.ArchRuleDefinition.methods;
 import static com.tngtech.archunit.lang.syntax.ArchRuleDefinition.noClasses;
 
 /**
@@ -93,6 +102,24 @@ class ArchitectureTest extends AbstractArchitectureTest {
             .should().haveSimpleNameEndingWith("Repository")
             .because("Repository interfaces are the persistence boundary; naming makes them explicit.");
 
+    @ArchTest
+    static final ArchRule async_methods_should_name_a_pool = methods()
+            .that().areAnnotatedWith(Async.class)
+            .should(new ArchCondition<>("name a pool of BackgroundPools") {
+                @Override
+                public void check(JavaMethod method, ConditionEvents events) {
+                    String pool = method.getAnnotationOfType(Async.class).value();
+                    boolean named = Set.of(BackgroundPools.DEFAULT, BackgroundPools.SYNC_FOLLOW_UP).contains(pool);
+                    events.add(new SimpleConditionEvent(method, named, method.getFullName() + " runs on '" + pool + "'"));
+                }
+            })
+            .because("A bare @Async runs on an unbounded executor (BackgroundPools).");
+
+    @ArchTest
+    static final ArchRule no_class_level_async = noClasses()
+            .should().beAnnotatedWith(Async.class)
+            .because("@Async on a class names no pool for its methods; put it on each method.");
+
     // ===================================================================================
     // 3. SHARED / CONFIGURATION RULES
     // ===================================================================================

src/test/java/core_service/configuration/AsyncConfigTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package core_service.configuration;
+
+import core_service.shared.test.AbstractUnitTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+class AsyncConfigTest extends AbstractUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void fullQueue_DropsTheTaskWithoutFailingTheCaller() throws InterruptedException {
+        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new AsyncConfig().applicationTaskExecutor();
+        executor.initialize();
+        CountDownLatch release = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        CountDownLatch started = new CountDownLatch(AsyncConfig.THREADS);
+        AtomicBoolean droppedRan = new AtomicBoolean();
+        try {
+            for (int i = 0; i < AsyncConfig.THREADS; i++) {
+                executor.execute(() -> {
+                    started.countDown();
+                    awaitQuietly(release);
+                });
+            }
+            assertTrue(started.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+            for (int i = 0; i < AsyncConfig.QUEUE; i++) {
+                executor.execute(() -> { });
+            }
+
+            assertDoesNotThrow(() -> executor.execute(() -> droppedRan.set(true)));
+
+            assertEquals(AsyncConfig.QUEUE, executor.getQueueSize());
+        } finally {
+            release.countDown();
+            executor.shutdown();
+        }
+        assertTrue(executor.getThreadPoolExecutor().awaitTermination(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+        assertFalse(droppedRan.get());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void followUpPool_KeepsEveryTask() throws InterruptedException {
+        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new AsyncConfig().syncFollowUpExecutor();
+        executor.initialize();
+        int tasks = AsyncConfig.QUEUE * 3;
+        CountDownLatch done = new CountDownLatch(tasks);
+        try {
+            for (int i = 0; i < tasks; i++) {
+                executor.execute(done::countDown);
+            }
+
+            assertTrue(done.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+        } finally {
+            executor.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void awaitQuietly(CountDownLatch latch) {
+        try {
+            latch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+        }
+    }
+}

src/test/java/core_service/modules/library/service/MoodServiceTest.java

@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.Spy;
+import org.springframework.core.task.SyncTaskExecutor;
+import org.springframework.core.task.TaskExecutor;
 import org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils;
 
 import java.time.Instant;
@@ -38,6 +41,9 @@ class MoodServiceTest extends AbstractUnitTest {
     @Mock
     private UserGameRepository userGameRepository;
 
+    @Spy
+    private TaskExecutor applicationTaskExecutor = new SyncTaskExecutor();
+
     @InjectMocks
     private MoodService service;
 
@@ -72,6 +78,16 @@ class MoodServiceTest extends AbstractUnitTest {
         verify(gameMoodsRepository).upsert(eq(427520L), any(), any(), eq(true), any(Instant.class));
     }
 
+    @Test
+    void refreshInBackground_AllFresh_QueuesNothing() {
+        when(igdbApiService.isEnabled()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(gameMoodsRepository.findFreshAppids(anyCollection(), any())).thenReturn(Set.of(620L));
+
+        service.refreshInBackground(List.of(620L));
+
+        verify(applicationTaskExecutor, never()).execute(any());
+    }
+
     @Test
     void refreshBacklogInBackground_RefreshesTheBacklogOfTheUser() {
         when(igdbApiService.isEnabled()).thenReturn(true);

src/test/java/core_service/modules/library/service/SpeedrunServiceTest.java

@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.Spy;
+import org.springframework.core.task.SyncTaskExecutor;
+import org.springframework.core.task.TaskExecutor;
 import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessResourceFailureException;
 
 import java.time.Instant;
@@ -44,6 +47,8 @@ class SpeedrunServiceTest extends AbstractUnitTest {
     private SteamGameRepository steamGameRepository;
     @Mock
     private UserGameRepository userGameRepository;
+    @Spy
+    private TaskExecutor syncFollowUpExecutor = new SyncTaskExecutor();
     @InjectMocks
     private SpeedrunService service;
 
@@ -222,4 +227,14 @@ class SpeedrunServiceTest extends AbstractUnitTest {
 
         verifyNoInteractions(gameSpeedrunRepository, steamGameRepository);
     }
+
+    @Test
+    void onLibrarySynced_RefreshesTheBacklogOnTheListenerThread() {
+        when(userGameRepository.findBacklogAppids(7L)).thenReturn(List.of());
+
+        service.onLibrarySynced(new LibrarySyncedEvent(7L, "76561198000000000"));
+
+        verify(userGameRepository).findBacklogAppids(7L);
+        verify(syncFollowUpExecutor, never()).execute(any());
+    }
 }

src/test/java/core_service/modules/library/service/TimeToBeatServiceTest.java

@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.Spy;
+import org.springframework.core.task.SyncTaskExecutor;
+import org.springframework.dao.QueryTimeoutException;
+import org.springframework.core.task.TaskExecutor;
 import org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils;
 
 import java.time.Instant;
@@ -15,6 +19,7 @@ import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.Set;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyCollection;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
@@ -31,6 +36,9 @@ class TimeToBeatServiceTest extends AbstractUnitTest {
     @Mock
     private GameTimeToBeatRepository gameTimeToBeatRepository;
 
+    @Spy
+    private TaskExecutor applicationTaskExecutor = new SyncTaskExecutor();
+
     @InjectMocks
     private TimeToBeatService service;
 
@@ -53,6 +61,37 @@ class TimeToBeatServiceTest extends AbstractUnitTest {
         verify(gameTimeToBeatRepository, never()).upsert(eq(220L), any(), any(), any(), any());
     }
 
+    @Test
+    void refreshInBackground_AllFresh_QueuesNothing() {
+        when(igdbApiService.isEnabled()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(gameTimeToBeatRepository.findFreshAppids(anyCollection(), any())).thenReturn(Set.of(220L, 620L));
+
+        service.refreshInBackground(List.of(220L, 620L));
+
+        verify(applicationTaskExecutor, never()).execute(any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void refreshInBackground_StaleCheckFails_DoesNotFailTheCaller() {
+        when(igdbApiService.isEnabled()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(gameTimeToBeatRepository.findFreshAppids(anyCollection(), any())).thenThrow(new QueryTimeoutException("slow"));
+
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> service.refreshInBackground(List.of(620L)));
+        verify(applicationTaskExecutor, never()).execute(any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void refreshInBackground_QueuesOnlyTheStaleApps() {
+        when(igdbApiService.isEnabled()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(gameTimeToBeatRepository.findFreshAppids(anyCollection(), any())).thenReturn(Set.of(220L));
+        when(igdbApiService.getTimeToBeat(Set.of(620L))).thenReturn(Optional.of(Map.of()));
+
+        service.refreshInBackground(List.of(220L, 620L));
+
+        verify(igdbApiService).getTimeToBeat(Set.of(620L));
+        verify(gameTimeToBeatRepository).upsert(eq(620L), isNull(), isNull(), isNull(), any(Instant.class));
+    }
+
     @Test
     void refresh_GamesOffSteam_AreAskedByIgdbIdAndStoredUnderTheirKey() {
         when(igdbApiService.isEnabled()).thenReturn(true);