Add fractal visualization feature

Introduce a new Fractal visualization: adds FractalComponent (template, styles, TS), FractalService (rendering, palettes, Mandelbrot/Julia/Burning Ship/Newton implementations), and Fractal model/types. Wire up routing and router constants (route and component import), add wiki links to UrlConstants, and expose the new algorithm in AlgorithmsService. Also add i18n entries (en/de) for UI labels and explanations. Component supports canvas zoom/drag, color schemes and iteration controls.

src/assets/i18n/en.json

@@ -376,6 +376,25 @@
       "DISCLAIMER_4": "Application: Such labyrinths are the perfect test environment for pathfinding algorithms such as Dijkstra or A*."
     }
   },
+  "FRACTAL": {
+    "TITLE": "Fractals",
+    "ALGORITHM": "Algorithms",
+    "COLOR_SCHEME": "Color Scheme",
+    "MAX_ITERATION": "Max. Resolution",
+    "EXPLANATION": {
+      "TITLE": "Mathematical Art",
+      "MANDELBROT_EXPLANATION": "is based on the iterative formula 'z_{n+1} = z_n^2 + c'. It checks for every point in the complex plane whether the sequence remains stable or escapes to infinity. Advantage: Known as the 'Apple Man', it is the mother of all fractals, offering infinite variety and self-similar structures to zoom into forever.",
+      "JULIA_EXPLANATION": "uses the same formula as Mandelbrot but fixes the parameter 'c' and varies the starting value. Depending on the choice of 'c', it creates delicate, cloud-like structures or disconnected 'dust'. Advantage: Allows for immense aesthetic variance, as every coordinate in the Mandelbrot set produces its own unique Julia fractal.",
+      "NEWTON_EXPLANATION": "is created by visualizing Newton's method for finding roots of a complex function. Each pixel is colored based on which root the algorithm converges to. Advantage: Produces fascinating star-shaped symmetries and complex boundaries where the attraction basins of the roots meet in a chaotic dance.",
+      "BURNING_SHIP_EXPLANATION": "is a variation of the Mandelbrot set where the absolute values of the real and imaginary parts are taken before each iteration: '(|Re(z)| + i|Im(z)|)^2 + c'. Advantage: Generates a striking, asymmetrical structure resembling a ship on fire. It feels more 'mechanical' and darker compared to the classical sets.",
+      "DISCLAIMER": "All these fractals are based on the principle of iteration and the butterfly effect. This means for your visualization:",
+      "DISCLAIMER_1": "Infinite Depth: No matter how far you zoom in, new complex structures appear that often resemble the whole (self-similarity).",
+      "DISCLAIMER_2": "Escape-Time Algorithm: Colors usually represent how quickly a sequence exceeds a certain threshold—the faster it escapes, the 'hotter' or brighter the color.",
+      "DISCLAIMER_3": "Complex Numbers: Calculations don't happen in a standard coordinate system, but in the complex plane using real and imaginary components.",
+      "DISCLAIMER_4": "Computational Load: Since hundreds of calculations are performed for every single pixel, fractals are a classic benchmark for GPU and processor performance."
+    }
+
+  },
   "ALGORITHM": {
     "TITLE": "Algorithms",
     "PATHFINDING": {
@@ -394,6 +413,10 @@
       "TITLE": "Maze Generation",
       "DESCRIPTION": "Visualizing various maze generation algorithms."
     },
+    "FRACTAL": {
+      "TITLE": "Fractals",
+      "DESCRIPTION": "Visualisation of complex geometric patterns that resemble each other on increasingly smaller scales (self-similarity)."
+    },
     "NOTE": "Note",
     "GRID_HEIGHT": "Height",
     "GRID_WIDTH": "Width"